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临汾翻译公司关键字：Farmers really hard, really poor in rural areas." This is true of rural poor portrayal of social capital. First, all the property合理翻译收费 owned by small farmers, but also because of the low level of farmers' income can be used as production inputs, very little funding. Farmers all real estate, due to lack of market翻译市场行情价格多少钱 liquidity, capital can not be changed. Land is the largest farmer's property合理翻译收费, but all land not owned by individual farmers, it is difficult to become efficient capital; followed by a serious shortage of capital, social infrastructure in rural areas. Rural infrastructure in the economy has a strong "external", the Government must invest in the construction and maintenance. However, there has been no large-scale rural infrastructure. Rural water, electricity, roads, telecommunications and other infrastructure is extremely weak. Electricity is the primary symbol of modern civilization, but the old power, voltage instability, the high price. Half of the households have no access to running water. Capital formation and rural low cross-environment interaction, the farmers economically inefficient.(D) high transaction costsSingle small-scale rural economy, especially for small-scale family farmers. Economic activities in rural areas, almost every transaction is a small transaction. In the share of each transaction in the negotiation, contracting, compliance and other costs appear large. Plus transportation, communication is not flexible, but also caused increased transaction costs. In most transactions in a weak position of farmers, farmers' interests are vulnerable to damage and erosion, are often deceived the farmers. Some people often criticize farmers "content, afraid of taking risks," Know ye not that the "risk" has always been borne by the farmers. For example, trading in agricultural products, agricultural trading, financial products, trading and water, electricity and other basic products trading in the case. Farmers suffer in the past said "middle exploitation" is the truth. Farmers who know will know, and farmers to make "risk-averse" behavior is very irrational behavior. Guiding farmers to take the path of cooperation is to enhance farmers' position in the trade negotiations in order to save transaction costs, reduce transaction risks, so that翻译公司报价 farmers will benefit, they are willing. Acquired rights, but they oppose the use of so-called "cooperation." How to reduce transaction costs in rural areas, reduce transaction risks, is the economic study of farmers' income should be a major issue of concern.(E) design of the system tend to
Force in the country "three rural" policy, most of the continuation of the planned economic system and policies to implement the spirit of the period of industrialization strategies. In general characteristics on institutional arrangements, the economic
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