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日喀则翻译公司关键字：While many Chinese scholars still think about what Chinese society, "what" when it appeared in a "smart" Western scholar Joseph Needham, he just stacks of paper in it and other do not know what data to discover the glory of ancient Chinese science and technology achievements come to China before the 15th century science and technology far ahead of the conclusion of the world. So a question arises: why China after the 15th century, as Western Europe did not lead to modern, but brilliant move by the ancient modern sink, caught backward beaten destiny? Chinese people regard this issue as the "Needham problem" or "Needham Puzzle."
Many scholars have long been of the "ancient Chinese science and technology lead the world" myth quite suspect. Studied plane geometry of the people know, far away in ancient Greece, Euclidean geometry on the induction of the axiom system. On this system gives the ideological inspiration, it was the so-called China's four great inventions of the catch, and many people vaguely feel that perhaps is not worth four great inventions of the Chinese people proud, because they are nothing but people production and daily life in the accidental discovery of it. If China never has the world's leading science and technology, it does not matter Ming and Qing Dynasties "outdated." Modern China's economic and science and technology lagged far behind Western Europe, but in modern times is due to greatly accelerate the pace of development in Western Europe only. Therefore, to explore how Western history there is such a strong contrast, should not be dedicated to the study of Chinese, and Western Europe should be working on.
In fact, as long as the rest of the world are included in our vision, it is easy to find, earlier than the Chinese to enter civil society in Egypt, India, Babylon, geographical location, did not (self-) development of modern science and technology and culture, they In fact the economic and social development are also stagnant. Only because they are the birthplace of modern civilization in Western Europe from the close, by the modern civilization "shock" than China, some countries or regions or even directly ruled by Western civilization, this makes them seem more than China's "progress." From a macro perspective, the traditional Chinese society, whether it is slow, stagnant or falling behind in the world is not a unique phenomenon. To be sure, if not the rise of Western capitalism, the expansion to the world of this great social movement, but also other parts of the world in general in their medieval stagnation, China will continue its cycle of dynastic change and history. That any "social" or "civilization" has unlimited development potential, is unfounded.In particular, the traditional Chinese scholars do not want to believe that the spontaneous development of Chinese society does not have the potential to capitalism, so always want to be found in Chinese history to the spontaneous development of capitalist society "factors", so the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "the seeds of capitalism" is produced. For these "seeds of capitalism," why did not develop, they are attributed to the expansion of the West upset or "blocking" the normal development of China.
However, there are many scholars see as far away as the expansion of capitalism in China, the Chinese have lagged far behind the West, so modern China's backwardness, should not be attributed to the expansion of capitalism, interrupted the process of China's history. So some of the human figure in the comparison of Chinese and Western history, to find the favorable development in Western Europe "factors" and the development of China's negative "factors", the role of different factors to explain the contrast between Chinese and Western history. In these comparative studies, is perhaps the most valuable for the same period of the Ming and Qing Jiangnan economy and a comparison made of the British economy
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