|
德宏翻译公司关键字：Be noted that, as early as before the formation of the patent system, Western Europe has witnessed a series of technological breakthroughs, it is not the first patent system to stimulate technological breakthrough results. North in the "rise of the Western world," a book stating that the Western European production technology breakthrough is the result of market expansion caused by the profit opportunities for people to stimulate and attract results.
2, the relationship between market development and technological innovation theoryNorth believes that the economy caused by the rise of Western Europe is based on the most important commodity market expansion.
Back in the 11th century, with the border areas of reclamation, Western Europe to form a small-scale commodity exchange market; market to attract more people to participate in profitable trading activities, food, wood, wool, salt fish, wine and other basic products (low value bulky goods) and gradually added to the market transactions, to the 13th century, Western Europe, gradually formed a large market a wide range of radiation. Market expansion stimulated the development of the manufacturing sector. Near the market area to information, people can adjust production according to market demand, and gradually formed a specialized manufacturing center. Manufacturing of specialized stimulus to work. Wool fabric was the major Western European manufactured goods, the manufacturing process can be broken down into many small processes, the fine division of labor so that people only need to repeat a simple operation, simple operation, "the invention of the innate desire of people concentrated in a limited number of challenges on "encourage people to consider the use of machinery instead of hand, with the forces of nature (hydro and wind) instead of human and animal power. Invention of those who engage in simple mechanical operation, greatly reducing development costs, benefits and innovative products with broad market due to the very substantial commitment to technology innovation and stimulate the development of people, so in Western Europe to a series of technological breakthroughs.
the market for technological innovation stimulation is twofold. Market development is the division of labor by stimulating the production and indirectly reduce the cost of innovation, and because a large number of sales of products can directly improve the innovation benefits. Therefore, since the theory of modern science and technology innovation in most developed markets of Western Europe has by no means accidental. In short, the market profit is to stimulate technological innovation and breakthroughs in the basic driving force, if there is no market caused net income to improve, Western Europe, production technology breakthrough is unthinkable.
On the other hand, a simple technique or accidental invention can play an important role in economic development, the key problem is that these technologies and inventions can take advantage of market profit. North also pointed out that the Southern people have already invented the use of hydro and wind technologies, but these technologies do not play a major role in Southern Europe, but later in northwest Europe has been widely promoted and applied, thereby contributing to economic development . They have been able to do in the role of northwest Europe, is entirely due to where there have been able to make them profitable market. According to North said, "As the use of these techniques require a lot of money construction equipment, only in the case of mass production is profitable." But to mass production, of course, need to have sales of products in the market. In addition, many Chinese people know that we are proud of the role of China's four great inventions in small, spread over Europe, but ignored the emerging class played a major role in the old system. The same technology in different regions have different functions so the key is a different market environment ...
|