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杭州翻译公司关键字：Keywords: Cluster Innovation upgrading old industrial bases in northeastOne. Cluster analysis of competitive advantage of innovationFor a region, the industry generally have two effective upgrade path: First, the rise along the industrial level, from traditional industries to high-tech industries, from light to heavy and chemical evolution, which is well known industrial upgrading paths . Second, the global division of labor along the value chain to enhance that value-added products from low to high value-added products, from low degree of processing of the high degree of processing, from production to the common parts of the core components of a key division of labor based on specialization and collaborative innovation and upgrading the cluster model. Large number of empirical studies have shown that, due to industrial clusters can be built based on the specialization of increasing returns, inter-enterprise cooperation and innovation and interactive learning advantages, making it a competitive advantage with high-end industrial upgrading model, thus contributing to regional economic zone development and prosperity. As Porter points out, regional economic growth and competitive advantage to a large extent dependent on the ability to promote and develop clusters, the core of the cluster innovation network development.
Cluster innovation, specialization and division of labor refers to the basis of the same industry or related industries, enterprises, through or near the geographic concentration, the formation of long-term stable cooperative relations arising from innovation innovation together, and thus gain an innovation edge equal and open innovation network forms of organization. Its composition point of view, this network contains a series of innovative network nodes. These nodes are often associated with a particular industry, including various types of enterprises, such as components, machinery and equipment and service providers, production companies have complementary downstream channels and customers, as well as in knowledge, skills, technology related businesses, and various institutions, such as providing education, training, information and support for university research and technology, vocational training institutions, standard-setting bodies, consulting and evaluation agencies and other social institutions to provide government agencies and other public goods. In the more mature industrial clusters, these companies or agencies have established lasting ties, forming a positive interaction structure. Among them, the benefits of social capital based on co-innovation, is the most basic features.
Innovation from the cluster's competitiveness advantage, due to strong social capital advantage to the neighbors because of the frequent exchanges between enterprises and regular cooperation, resulting in a face to face communication with the convenience of learning, a technological innovation it is easy for other companies have discovered, through technology transfer and imitation, the technology innovation more easily spread in the cluster; other companies through the innovation of digestion, absorption and imitation, on this basis for technical improvements, has led to progressive technological innovation continue to occur, creating a powerful squeeze effect. Moreover, in the main industrial clusters in various actions by geographical proximity, frequent interaction and other factors, reducing the transaction costs of learning and communication; times in the cooperative behavior, has led to corporate resources and capabilities complement each other, reducing the risk of innovation . All this led to a "trade secret cluster smelled the air," cluster technology spillover effect stronger, so that tacit knowledge is more likely to spread innovation more likely. At the same time, cluster innovation network will help new enterprises derived. Larger clusters, the longer the industry value chain, the higher the degree of corporate concentration, specialization of enterprises are often more developed, the more spin-off companies. These spin-off companies are often located close to the company's parent company, using the original network of relationships and shared information to carry out innovation activities. From a practical perspective of the development, Silicon Valley's innovation is derived from the enterprise as a vehicle for the continuous
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