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黑龙江省翻译公司关键字： 2. Costs outweigh the benefits of government intervention. Government intervention in the defense industry to achieve the desired goals, government failure may occur. Government intervention in the defense industry can bring some benefits, but also caused some costs. Government intervention costs include direct costs and opportunity costs. Direct costs of government intervention which mainly organized costs, legislative costs, implementation costs and the "rent-seeking" costs. The opportunity cost of government intervention is government intervention in the defense industry to give up benefits, including strengthening the effective management of other areas to increase revenue, streamline government, reduce implementation costs and benefits, and overcome the government bureaucracy, corruption and the benefits of making mistakes and so on. Government intervention in the relationship between benefits and costs may have the following three conditions: the cost is equal to revenue, costs less than the benefits and costs outweigh the benefits. If the costs of government intervention is equal to its benefits, the Government's intervention as an option, in which case government intervention is unnecessary; if the costs of government intervention is less than its benefits, government interfere with efficient, government intervention is essential, should be highly valued; if the costs of government intervention is greater than the benefits, indicating the inefficiency of government intervention, intervention as intervention, this case is the phenomenon of government failure. Our government production of military equipment manufacturers to cost and price audits, for example. Government production of military equipment manufacturers to cost and price review, the main purpose of equipment in order to control costs and reduce procurement costs. However, the Government of the manufacturers equipment production costs and prices need to review certain human, material and financial resources. Given the Government's costs for manufacturers and equipment for production and cost audit to saving to reduce procurement costs and equipment prices and purpose, but if the cost of government spending for this purpose than the cost savings, in fact, led to the loss of efficiency, indicating the failure of the government .
3. Negative effects of government intervention. Government to intervene in the defense industry will have derived some unpredictable external effects, including positive externalities and negative externalities. If the government intervention in the defense industry had a negative external effects, it may not only affect the defense industry's own development, but also may limit the socio-economic development of other sectors, causing a lower level of social welfare. For example, in order to prevent the shrinking defense industry or a sector to prevent a loss of jobs and support for this sector, including expanding the size of the product purchased, increasing government investment and give preferential loans. At the same time as the possible negative externalities: the expansion of the scale necessary to purchase weapons and equipment, will restrict the development of military weapons and equipment, the impact of military reform and the improvement of combat effectiveness; to buy weapons and equipment beyond the actual needs of the armed forces, will lead to weapons and equipment idle and waste, and unnecessary storage and maintenance costs; increase in government investment and the expansion of preferential loans will crowd out other urgent areas of development resources, resulting in inefficient allocation of social resources; government's support policies may can cause psychological dependence on vendors, so vendors lack the necessary innovation and development pressure, resulting in production inefficiencies; government's support policies may also play a protective role, influence and restrict the defense industry's technological progress and upgrading of industrial structure; etc. . If government intervention generated far greater than the negative externalities are external effects, may not only lead to inefficient production company itself, and may lead to inefficient allocation of social resources, which is a remarkable manifestation of government failure.
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